which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology

It is generally accepted that memories are organized in semantic (or associative) networks (Collins & Loftus, 1975). Chances are good that it was "plate.". Which of the three types of encoding do you think would give you the best memory of verbal information? An algorithm is a finite sequence of precise instructions for performing a computation or solving a problem. b. Familial retardation _______ believed that concepts become the "pegs" from which words are "hung." He is most likely receiving _____ parenting. Sternberg's triarchic theory/Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as retrieval. c. the mind and behavior. The goal of clustering a set of data is to. Which of the following statements is true of the development of the brain in humans? Emotion and memory are powerful influences on both our thoughts and behaviors. a. He has never been to any of Cooper's soccer games or met any of his friends. d. trial and error. Which of the following is true of concepts? b. naturalist intelligence. Can you get these things done before you head to class or will they need to wait until school is done? Algorithms are step-by-step procedures. An algorithm for determining use of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy. Which of the following essential body functions are monitored by the autonomic nervous system? D. heuristic. Which of the following is true of algorithms and heuristics for solving real-life problems? The useful character of language and the ability of language to communicate even more meaning than is said are known as, According to Benjamin Whorf, language determines our, Critics of the work of Benjamin Whorf maintain that. b. representative heuristic Should you go to the bank, the cleaners, or the grocery store first? A. grasping the deeper meaning of ideas Peterson and Peterson (1959) investigated short-term memory using the three letter sequences called trigrams (e.g., CLS) that had to be recalled after various time intervals between 3 and 18 seconds. Divergent thinking is especially difficult to teach to: These are concrete, high-imagery words. He later realized he could have just held his cell phone under the seat to help illuminate the area. Algorithmsare written in a programming language. An Algorithm simply refers to the process or the set of rules which are vital in calculations. a. Psychoanalysts C. practicing groupthink Active rehearsal is a way of attending to information to move it from short-term to long-term memory. nondeclarative (implicit) memory. They also sometimes focus on how we organize thoughts and information gathered from our environments into meaningful categories of thought, which will be discussed later. Watch this video about superior autobiographical memory from the television news show 60 Minutes to learn more. You may find yourself asking, How much information can our memory handle at once? To explore the capacity and duration of your short-term memory, have a partner read the strings of random numbers (Figure 8.5) out loud to you, beginning each string by saying, Ready? and ending each by saying, Recall, at which point you should try to write down the string of numbers from memory. It feels almost impossible to walk in and not face the door. d. music notes on a keyboard. a. culture does not Both can be useful when problem-solving, but it is important to understand the differences between them. Alternatively, elaborative rehearsal is the act of linking new information you are trying to learn to existing information that you already know. b. insight. Short-term memory (STM) is a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory. a. the same ability. B. using algorithms. Unlike short-term memory, long-term memory storage capacity is believed to be unlimited. The brain then processes this information and uses the relevant pieces to create thoughts, which can then be expressed through language or stored in memory for future use. In this way, concepts touch every aspect of our lives, from our many daily routines to the guiding principles behind the way governments function. You know snow from the indirect experience of seeing pictures of falling snowor from watching films that feature snow as part of the setting. Storage is the creation of a permanent record of information. There are many different examples of how algorithms can be used in daily life. B. gifted. C. telepathy. d. confirmation bias. According to Sternberg's theory, ____________ intelligence is measured in academic achievement tests. Which of the following is usually a trait of creative thinkers? And most of it has no impact on our lives. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written Multiple Choice Q17 _____ psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of higher mental processes,including thinking,language,memory,problem solving,knowing,reasoning,and judging. Yet, you dont notice most of your brains activity as you move throughout your daily routine. By following the instructions correctly, you are guaranteed to arrive at the right answer. a. snacks and friends. B. For instance, the memory of your last birthday is an episodic memory. (credit: Mark Richardson), video that explains short-term and long-term memory, video about superior autobiographical memory, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/8-1-how-memory-functions, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Discuss the three basic functions of memory, Describe the three stages of memory storage, Describe and distinguish between procedural and declarative memory and semantic and episodic memory. C. do not guarantee an answer. If one part of a network is activated, it is easier to access the associated concepts because they are already partially activated. For example, specific smells can cause specific emotional responses for some people. Implicit procedural memory is often studied using observable behaviors (Adams, 1957; Lacey & Smith, 1954; Lazarus & McCleary, 1951). This test can be considered: In waking up and getting ready for class in the morning, one might follow a(n): Which of the following statements is true of subgoals? A. an adult who, after 30 years of normal intellectual functioning, is involved in an automobile accident and has suffered brain damage that has severely limited mental functioning Problem solving/concepts C. Working backward in establishing subgoals should be typically avoided. This is an example of: Making a list of all the ways one could use a butter knife requires: Brainstorming, keeping a journal, and subject mapping are all _________________________. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Psychology Chapters 6-9 Flashcards | Quizlet Because texting and driving has become a dangerous epidemic in recent years, psychologists are looking at ways to help people interrupt the phone schema while driving. answer choices. Call Today +971 2 4440458 Al-Muror Road, Behind Al-Mushrif Mall, Abu dhabi You absorb a large quantity of information by listening to and participating in discussions, examining maps, and reading first-hand accounts of peoples lives. At first thought, nothing comes to mind. a. ADHD Using Stern's formula, her IQ is: What could have affected Genie's mentally? D. Egocentrism. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site Dr. Ambrose is administering an intelligence test, and one question asks, "During what month of the year does the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball championship games start?" C. an introvert. Identify Tasks that Can Create an Algorithm, Identify the Likely Use for a Program Algorithm. the stage of memory in which it is stored. In simple words, a short term memory can be defined as memory structure in which the limited amount of processing takes place. Think about what you do when you walk into an elevator (Figure 7.4). Which of the following is the first step in the problem-solving process? Question 2 20 seconds Q. Decomposition is a term used to define. C. Heuristics are shortcut strategies. From a language perspective, Jordan is having difficulty with a specific _______. Most likely your early experiences with dogs will shape what you imagine. b. analytical While you could use an algorithm to map out every possible route and determine which one would be the fastest, that would be a very time-consuming process. a. subjective. citation tool such as, Authors: Rose M. Spielman, William J. Jenkins, Marilyn D. Lovett. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology Which of the following represents the correct chronological sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? A. algorithm. In other instances, you might be able to follow different paths that will all lead to the same solution. a. morphemes. C. People disregard prior experiences or failures when making predictions about the possibility of an outcome. The questions required the participants to process the words at one of the three levels. In some cases, people are better off learning everything . Very few people can recall events in this way; right now, fewer than 20 have been identified as having this ability, and only a few have been studied (Parker, Cahill & McGaugh 2006). c. the exact same process as However, more contemporary research has found working memory capacity is 4 plus or minus 1 (Cowan, 2010). Students from various groups within the U.S., as well as students from other countries, may have problems with this question because it is probably People who are gifted have an IQ of a. a heuristic. [P3] P3 Abstracting 5.2.1A 5.2.1B 5.2.1C 6. C. all scores are around the average score. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology b. heuristic devices. B. D. subgoal. C. Unlike heuristics, algorithms provide a definite solution to problem. B. And when youre riding in a crowded elevator and you cant face the front, it feels uncomfortable, doesnt it? However, the activations do not spread in just one direction. Which of the following options is true about algorithms are licensed under a, Neo-Freudians: Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney. d. be reliable. If you repeat it enough, it may be moved into long-term memory. You might perform this script two or three times each day. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. 10 Social Sciences. 1. Identify the Reasons People Automate a Process, Exploring a Problem and Communicating a Solut, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, Charles E. Leiserson, Clifford Stein, Ronald L. Rivest, Thomas H. Cormen, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology. Concepts are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. The highest and most elusive of Maslow's needs is. Returning to the computer metaphor, implicit memories are like a program running in the background, and you are not aware of their influence. C. Vocabulary usually decreases below 50 words per day when children are between ages 9 and 11. c. prototype. Implicit memories are long-term memories that are not part of our consciousness. "think outside the box" in order to succeed in college. She has an amazing and highly superior autobiographical memory (Figure 8.7). You can see that the sentences are now much more memorable because each of the sentences was placed in context. 1999-2023, Rice University. D. a seven-year-old child with an IQ of 40 who was born with brain damage and needs constant attention from caregivers, an adult who, after 30 years of normal intellectual functioning, is involved in an automobile They are devised while developing problem-solving strategies. d. processing speed. We cannot absorb all of it, or even most of it. As we continue to examine thinking, keep in mind how powerful the forces of concepts and schemata are to our understanding of the world. Psychology is a social science that is rooted in the natural sciences, like history and philosophy. predict the behavior of a specific individual? Whorf used the now-famous example of the Inuits' many words for snow to support the: c. all languages have the same pragmatics. In the United States, children often learn the alphabet through song, and they learn the number of days in each month through rhyme: Thirty days hath September, / April, June, and November; / All the rest have thirty-one, / Save February, with twenty-eight days clear, / And twenty-nine each leap year. These lessons are easy to remember because of acoustic encoding. d. They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . c. trial and error method So if you face a situation where a decision needs to be made very quickly, you might be better off using a different problem-solving strategy. B. refers to the ability to yield a consistent result to what it is intended to measure. High-imagery words are encoded both visually and semantically (Paivio, 1986), thus building a stronger memory. pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), is an algorithm for creating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate those of a random number. B. the scores are distributed across all points evenly. However, heuristics are really more of a rule-of-thumb; they don't always guarantee a correct solution. B. are slow. Abstract symbols on a keyboard and making some sounds, Piaget theorized that _____ preceded and aided the development of ______. lack of nurture, abusive parents, and bad memory. d. males. In either case, you usually cannot put the memory into words that adequately describe the task. Marilu Henners super autobiographical memory is known as hyperthymesia. We are constantly bombarded with sensory information. The process is known as spreading activation (Collins & Loftus, 1975). Confirmation bias There are three ways you can retrieve information out of your long-term memory storage system: recall, recognition, and relearning. There are memories in visual-spatial form, as well as memories of spoken or written material, and they are stored in three short-term systems: a visuospatial sketchpad, an episodic buffer (Baddeley, 2000), and a phonological loop. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed. b. rule of thumb. A. involves being receptive to other ways of looking at things. (credit a: modification of work by Maarten Takens; credit b: modification of work by Shayan (USA)/Flickr), What event schema do you perform when riding in an elevator? : Which of the following is the correct definition of algorithms? Which of the following is the main difference between algorithms and which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology quiz 12 Flashcards by Ace Ade | Brainscape A person's schema for a library would most likely include: We recommend using a ________ form as the result of people's experiences with concepts in the real world. b. females. In which subsystem of long-term memory is your knowledge of how to drive a car and how to ride a bike stored? A person with an IQ over 145 may be best categorized as: Wechsler's four index scales are verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and: Gardner believes that reason, logic, and knowledge are: a. Most adults reach their peak physical development during their, sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational. d. "private speech" was a sign of a mood disorder. Work through this series of numbers using the recall exercise explained above to determine the longest string of digits that you can store. Youve watched it fall from the sky, youve seen lightly falling snow that barely covers the windshield of your car, and youve shoveled out 18 inches of fluffy white snow as youve thought, This is perfect for skiing. Youve thrown snowballs at your best friend and gone sledding down the steepest hill in town. Your apartment is a mess and you have nothing to wear. a. a surreal and hazy picture. Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Descriptions: Algorithms can be written to solve every problem. Explain this result, given that the density of steel is much greater than that of water. Natural concepts and you must attribute OpenStax. c. Fetal alcohol syndrome Choose all that apply. It is very brief storageup to a couple of seconds. ________ is the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively for solving problems. Semantic means having to do with language and knowledge about language. As you drive home, you hear your phones ring tone. The acoustic processing questions asked the participants about the sound or rhyming of the words, and the semantic processing questions asked the participants about the meaning of the words. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology what was life like during the communist russia Episodic memories are also called autobiographical memories. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology Recognition happens when you identify information that you have previously learned after encountering it again. Dec 19, 2022 OpenStax. We recommend using a _____ is an individual's level of intellectual development relative to that of others. If there is a smell that makes you feel positive and nostalgic, and you don't know where that response comes from, it is an implicit emotional response. D. Unlike heuristics, algorithms lead to different answers to a given problem. Then suddenly, "Aha!" We rely on the most current and reputable sources, which are cited in the text and listed at the bottom of each article. In the context of loss aversion, identify the true statement about sunk-cost fallacy. B. accuracy She enjoyed their company a great deal and was very impressed with how nice they were. _____ are mental categories used to group objects, events, and characteristics. And although hyperthymesia normally appears in adolescence, two children in the United States appear to have memories from well before their tenth birthdays. An algorithm can be defined as a finite sequence of instructions that are used to resolve specific mathematical and/or computational problems. a. convergent thinking. C. subgoaling. a. standardization. The perfect slogan becomes apparent to you, but you are not consciously aware of how you figured it out. b. phoneme Using the present value factors in your text (Tables 6-4 and 6-5), the net present value of the project is (rounded) Long term memory has a storage capacity that is virtually unlimited. It is not there on your desktop (your short-term memory), but most of the time you can pull up this information when you want it. D. socially maladjusted. c. confirmation bias. b. A. Abductive reasoning a. It is sometimes referred to as the "I-knew-it-all-along effect.". Similarly, when you first learned to drive, you probably thought about a lot of things that you just do now without much thought. b. insight Because it is a schema, it is extremely challenging for us to stop reaching for the phone, even though we know that we endanger our own lives and the lives of others while we do it (Neyfakh, 2013) (Figure 7.5). Bertha is using 90. d. books and bookshelves. A. The reason people are more likely to come up with plate after reading about a picnic is that plate is associated (linked) with picnic. a. Japanese children. There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. Our brains take the encoded information and place it in storage. The ultimate goal of problem-solving is to overcome obstacles and find a solution that best resolves the issue. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Choosing which apartment is best is an example of This type of reasoning is known as. This implies that A. Humility D. hindsight bias, ________ is the tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. Craik and Lockhart (1972) proposed the levels of processing hypothesis that states the deeper you think about something, the better you remember it. is the memory process that occurs when information that was retained in memory comes out of storage. Algorithms Flashcards | Quizlet Multiple choice exams involve testing a student's _____ abilities, whereas essay exams involve testing _____ abilities. Margaret will have difficulty with emotional memories. B. Simply put, cognition is thinking, and it encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory. Marjorie took a personality test in April. A. a. concepts preceded and aided the development of language. c. divergent thinking. b. the representative heuristic. How is it possible that the brain is able to move from one thought to the next in an organized, orderly fashion? B. naturalist Episodic memory is information about events we have personally experienced (i.e., an episode). where the event takes place. Development is the product of nature, nurture, and the complex interaction of the two. b. c. $2,438. Either way, snow is a natural concept because you can construct an understanding of it through direct observations, experiences with snow, or indirect knowledge (such as from films or books) (Figure 7.3). An artificial concept, on the other hand, is a concept that is defined by a specific set of characteristics. b. a. phonemes Lets say you graduated from high school 10 years ago, and you have returned to your hometown for your 10-year reunion. Upon waking each morning, you begin thinkingcontemplating the tasks that you must complete that day. There are several types of schemata. Quiz 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence | Quiz+ a. mind set. According to Baddeley and Hitch, a central executive part of memory supervises or controls the flow of information to and from the three short-term systems, and the central executive is responsible for moving information into long-term memory. When solving a problem, choosing the right approach is often the key to arriving at the best solution. In order to prepare herself, she enrolls in a Spanish course at the local community center. Language could help a child learn to control social behavior. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology Which of the following statements is true of inductive reasoning? answer choices converting visual information into something meaningful converting sound into vibrations bringing information housed in long-term memory to mind holding information just long enough to work with it Question 2 30 seconds Q. She concludes that Drake might be a basketball player for his college team. A. creativity. b. confirmation bias. D. algorithmic, According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, ________ intelligence predominantly involves the ability to design, invent, originate, and imagine. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up.